Can I Start A Backyard Farm On A Hillside?

“Hello, I’m looking to start a backyard farm, but my entire backyard is located on a steep hillside. I’m not sure if it’s feasible or how to go about it. I’m dealing with challenges like soil erosion and determining how to structure planting areas. Any advice on planning and setting up a backyard farm on a slope would be greatly appreciated. Thanks,” Patricia, Portland, USA.

Can I Start A Backyard Farm On A Hillside?

Hi Patricia! The idea of converting a hillside into a productive backyard farm is definitely challenging, but also very rewarding. Hillside farming can offer several benefits including improved drainage and greater sunlight exposure. Let’s walk through some detailed steps and considerations to help you get started.

Understanding The Slope

The first thing to consider is the steepness and orientation of your hillside. This will influence almost everything else, from your irrigation methods to your soil erosion control strategies.

• Steepness: If the slope is too steep (greater than 20%), terracing might be necessary. Terraces create flat areas on a slope which can be used for planting and can significantly reduce soil erosion.
• Orientation: Hillsides that face south (in the Northern Hemisphere) receive maximum sunlight, which is great for many types of plants. North-facing slopes may be more challenging but still manageable with the right plant choices.

Soil Testing and Erosion Control

Soil is the bedrock of any farm, even a small backyard one. Testing your soil will give you an idea of its pH level, nutrient content, and texture.

• Soil Testing: Purchase a soil test kit from a local gardening store or send a sample to a lab. Amend the soil as necessary based on the results. For example, you may need to add lime to raise pH or sulfur to lower it.
• Erosion Control: To combat erosion, consider using ground cover plants or mulch. Eco-friendly materials like straw or wood chips can also be very effective. You could also use erosion control fabrics to stabilize the soil while your plants are getting established.

Choosing The Right Plants

Plants that have deep root systems can help stabilize your hillside and prevent erosion.

• Perennial Vegetables: Asparagus, rhubarb, and artichokes are long-lasting and don’t require annual replanting, which helps keep the soil intact.
• Berries and Fruit Bushes: These plants like raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries have robust root systems and can thrive on slopes.
• Cover Crops: Clover, rye, and vetch can be sown to hold the soil together and are excellent for adding nitrogen back into the soil.

Terracing The Slope

Terracing creates flat platforms on a hillside where crops can be grown. This not only helps in controlling erosion but also makes other tasks like planting, watering, and harvesting easier.

• Designing Terraces: Start at the bottom of the slope and work your way up. Each terrace will need to be level, and the height difference between terraces should be constant to prevent water run-off.
• Materials: Use sturdy materials like stone, brick, or wood to build the retaining walls for your terraces. Just make sure whatever material you choose is weather-resistant and durable.
• Drainage: Incorporate a drainage system into your terraces to prevent water from pooling. This could be simple as small ditches or pipes that guide water safely downhill.

Irrigation Systems

Irrigating a hillside farm can be tricky, but gravity can be your friend. Here are some irrigation techniques that work well on slopes:

• Drip Irrigation: This system delivers water directly to the plant’s root zones and reduces run-off and evaporation. It is especially effective for hillside gardens.
• Soaker Hoses: These hoses slowly release water directly into the soil and are quite efficient for sloped areas.
• Rain Barrels: Collecting rainwater at the highest point of your slope allows you to use gravity to distribute water across your garden.

Composting and Soil Enrichment

Healthy soil is the cornerstone of a successful backyard farm. Improving soil quality will help plants thrive even on a slope.

• Composting: A compost bin near your garden area can turn kitchen scraps and yard waste into valuable, rich compost. Just make sure it’s secure so the contents don’t wash away.
• Green Manure: Planting green manure crops like clover, rye, or buckwheat can add organic matter and nutrients back into the soil.
• Mulching: Apply organic mulch around plants to conserve moisture, reduce erosion, and improve soil fertility as it decomposes.

Wildlife Protection

One of the perks of having a hillside backyard is the potential for a diverse range of wildlife. However, some of these animals might consider your crops a tasty treat.

• Fencing: Erecting a fence around your garden can help keep larger animals like deer away. Chicken wire or mesh can be used to protect against smaller animals like rabbits.
• Netting: This is particularly useful for protecting berries and fruit trees from birds and squirrels.
• Companion Planting: Use companion plants that repel pests. For example, planting marigolds can help deter insects.

Creating Accessible Pathways

Functionality is essential, especially on a slope. Designing accessible pathways can make your gardening tasks easier.

• Steps and Ramps: Create steps or ramps between the terraces or planting areas. Use non-slip materials like gravel or stone to ensure safety.
• Handrails: Install handrails alongside steep paths to make navigation easier and safer.
• Graded Paths: Gentle, graded paths can provide easier access for wheelbarrows or carts.

Integration with Existing Landscape

Blending your backyard farm with the existing landscape will not only make it easier to manage but also more aesthetically pleasing.

• Use Native Plants: Native plants are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, making them easier to maintain.
• Decorative Elements: Incorporate decorative elements such as stone walkways, garden benches, or even small ponds to enhance the visual appeal.
• Harmony: Aim for a balance between function and aesthetics by creating areas that are both productive and beautiful.

Maintaining Your Hillside Farm

Maintaining a hillside backyard farm requires ongoing effort. Regular care will promote healthy growth and continued productivity.

• Weeding: Regularly remove weeds to reduce competition for nutrients and water. Mulching can help keep weeds at bay.
• Pest Control: Monitor your crops for signs of pests and use organic methods to control them. Companion planting and insecticidal soaps are good options.
• Pruning and Thinning: Prune plants to encourage air circulation and reduce disease risk. Thinning overcrowded plants ensures they have enough space to grow.

Community and Resources

Leveraging local resources and connecting with gardening communities can provide additional support and knowledge.

• Local Gardening Groups: Join a gardening club or online community to share experiences and get advice.
• Workshops and Courses: Many local nurseries and community centers offer workshops on hillside farming and other gardening topics.
• Publications and Resources: Books, magazines, and reputable online resources can be invaluable for gaining insights and tips.

Final Thoughts…

Patricia, your enthusiasm for turning your hillside backyard into a productive farm is truly inspiring. With careful planning, the right plants, and some good erosion control measures, you can create a thriving space that offers both beauty and bounty. Thank you for your question, and I wish you the best of luck in your gardening journey in Portland!