How Do I Protect Plants In Winter?

“I live in Calgary, Canada, and I’ve always struggled with keeping my backyard garden plants alive during the harsh winter months. What steps should I take to protect my plants and ensure they survive until spring?” thanks, Jack, Calgary, Canada.

How Do I Protect Plants In Winter?

When winter approaches, backyard gardeners like Jack in Calgary often worry about the survival of their cherished plants. Cold weather, frost, and winter winds can be very harsh on plants, but there are many strategies to help them make it through the colder months.

Understanding Your Climate

The first step in protecting plants in winter is understanding the specific climate of your area. Areas like Calgary can experience severe cold, snow, and frost, which are all challenging for plants.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: Determine the USDA hardiness zone for your region. Calgary generally falls into zones 3a to 4a, which means very cold winters.
• Seasonal Patterns: Keep track of the typical winter weather patterns, including first and last frost dates.

Plant Selection

Choosing the right plants for your climate is key. Some plants are naturally hardier and can better withstand cold temperatures.

• Native Plants: Opt for plants that are native to your region as they are already adapted to the local climate.
• Hardy Varieties: Look for plants labeled as hardy to your USDA zone or equivalents in other systems.

Preparing Your Garden

As winter approaches, there are several steps you can take to prepare your garden.

Mulching

Mulching is one of the best ways to protect plants from winter cold.

• Insulation: A thick layer of mulch insulates the soil, keeping it warmer and preventing the freeze-thaw cycle that can heave plants out of the ground.
• Organic Materials: Use organic materials like straw, wood chips, or shredded leaves. These not only insulate but also improve soil quality as they break down.
• Application: Apply mulch after the ground has started to harden but before the first hard frost. Aim for a layer about 3 to 6 inches thick around the base of plants.

Watering

Proper watering before winter is crucial.

• Deep Soaking: Water deeply in late fall before the ground freezes. This helps plants stay hydrated during winter when they can’t absorb more water.
• Avoid Overwatering: Too much water can harm roots, so ensure good drainage.

Protecting Using Burlap and Covers

Covering plants can provide extra protection against cold and wind.

Burlap Wrap

Burlap is breathable and provides good insulation.

• Wrapping Trees and Shrubs: Wrap burlap around the base of trees and shrubs to protect against wind and frost. Be sure to remove it during warm spells to prevent overheating.
• Tying Down: Secure the burlap with twine or garden ties to keep it in place.

Cold Frames and Cloches

These structures can create a microclimate for your plants.

• Cold Frames: Build or buy a cold frame to protect low-growing plants. Place it over the plants before the first frost.
• Cloches: Individual cloches can be placed over tender plants to keep them warm.

Moving Plants Indoors

Some plants may fare better if moved indoors for the winter.

Container Plants

If you have plants in pots, consider bringing them inside.

• Sunlight: Place them in a sunny spot where they’ll receive plenty of natural light.
• Reduced Watering: Water less frequently during winter, as growth will slow down.

Herbs and Smaller Plants

Herbs and smaller plants can also be moved indoors.

• Portable Pots: Use smaller, portable pots for herbs and move them inside when temperatures drop.
• Indoor Care: Ensure they receive 6-8 hours of light each day and adjust watering accordingly.

Winter Pruning

Pruning can help some plants survive winter better.

• Remove Dead or Diseased Wood: Prune any dead or diseased branches to prevent them from becoming entry points for pests and diseases.
• Shape the Plant: Shaping shrubs can prevent breakage from snow accumulation.

Using Windbreaks

Wind can dry out and damage plants. Creating windbreaks can shield them from harsh gusts.

• Fences and Screens: Erecting a simple wind fence or screen can reduce the wind’s impact.
• Hedges: Planting evergreen hedges as a natural windbreak provides year-round protection.

Protecting Root Systems

Roots are the lifeline of plants, and protecting them ensures overall plant health.

• Ground Covers: Using ground covers, like winter rye, can insulate the soil and root systems naturally.
• Heeling In: For especially vulnerable plants, you can dig a trench, place the plants in, and cover them with soil and mulch.

Special Care for Sensitive Plants

Some plants might need extra care due to their specific requirements. Here are a few examples:

• Roses: Cover the base of rose bushes with soil or mulch to prevent freezing.
• Delicate Shrubs: Consider wrapping burlap around more delicate shrubs or putting them inside makeshift shelters.
• Tropical Plants: If you have tropical plants like citrus in pots, they should definitely be moved indoors.

Monitoring and Maintenance Through Winter

Keeping an eye on your plants through the winter ensures they stay protected.

• Regular Checks: Check your plants regularly for any signs of damage or disease.
• Snow Removal: Gently brush off heavy snow from branches to prevent breakage.
• Ventilation: On milder days, briefly uncover plants protected with burlap or cloches to allow air circulation.

Final Thoughts…

Jack, protecting your plants against the harsh winter in Calgary isn’t as tough as it might seem. By choosing the right plants, preparing your garden properly, and using protective measures such as mulching, wrapping, and creating windbreaks, you can greatly enhance their chances of surviving until spring. Remember to keep an eye on them and adjust your strategies as needed.

Thanks for reaching out with your question, Jack. Your proactive approach to garden care is commendable, and with a bit of effort, your backyard garden will thrive even in the coldest months. Keep up the good work!